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Smart Charge · 17 September 2025 · 1 hr 40 min

Ep. 26: Yvonne Bogner von Baywa über Sektorenkopplung, Energiemanagement und die Zukunft der Energiewende

Transcript

Cleaned up from a machine transcript. Translations are machine-generated and may contain errors.

Welcome to the Smart Charge by RiDERgy Podcast. This is Claudio Geyken, founder and CEO of RiDERgy. This is your show to learn about all things energy management and smart charging innovation for electric vehicles and fleets.

Welcome to Smart Charge. Today's guest: Yvonne Bogner from BayWa Solar Energiesysteme. Yvonne is driving sector coupling in project business there – with PV, commercial, large-scale storage, charging infrastructure and energy management for industry and commerce. With almost 30 years in the energy sector, she has witnessed transformation firsthand: apprenticeship at Munich City Utilities before liberalisation, a detour into telecommunications at O2 during the smartphone boom, back to energy via Energie Südbayern and Inovos, then Digital Energy Solutions, a joint venture between BMW and Viessmann, and today BayWa, where she brings together solutions

from hardware to services and marketing. We talk about parallels between telco and energy markets, why simplicity in tariffs and flexibility is so important, the ramp-up of storage from industry and commercial use cases to large grid installations, energy management and monitoring compared to control, dynamic tariffs, bidirectional charging, regulations from balancing groups to §14a – and of course about Yvonne's motto: Hakuna Matata and fortune favours the bold. Headphones on, check your charge level, let's go. Hello, Yvonne. Great that it worked out.

Yes, doing quite well. Thanks so much for the invitation, Claudio. It really worked out this time – after holidays and a few project matters. Good start to the week, and yes, I'm already looking forward to our conversation today. Yes, you also have a lot on your plate in your role, and I'm also looking forward to learning more about that. But before we get to today, take us along with your journey. What's your background, and how did you get to this role?

It's really been a long path to get where I am now. Even if it might not show, I've now been in professional life for almost 30 years and started – well, let me say – with an apprenticeship at Munich City Utilities. I was always somehow involved in some kind of market upheaval. Back then at Munich City Utilities I started as an industrial clerk during monopoly times. That is, it was still before energy market liberalisation. So I got to experience how a big ship changed direction from a supply point to a customer. Then in 2000 came the EEG – the Feed-in Law – and suddenly there was a Renewable Energy Law. Back then I think it was just 11 or 12 pages thick. You can hardly believe it – today it's at least a hundred times that, if not more. Yes, it was really an exciting time, simply to see such a large colossus transform into a business enterprise. And as I said, from that – yes, from the perspective of. That was originally a supply point, towards a customer – now you need a customer management system. That was challenging on one hand, but of course also exciting. I was there for the first eight years and was always involved in some kind of project, system implementations and in sales, especially then very much in focus. Well, and then after eight years it was overall such that I said to myself: as a former monopolist, you can really only lose customers in sales. So there was nothing about gaining any major new customers. And I really wanted to get into classic hard sales. Someone might say: well, okay, so your view apparently didn't extend beyond the street, because I actually then went to O2. So when you're in Munich – I live in Munich – you know that the Munich City Utilities headquarters is across from the O2 Tower, and I then got into telecommunications,

back then still O2. It's just a brand now. Hardly had I started when they said: oh, Telekom is buying us. Well, but not Deutsche Telekom, but Spanish Telekom. That meant, from a classic mobile phone provider to suddenly a communications provider of fixed-line – so always in a commercial environment, B2B – it was really an exciting time there too. Just from mobile phones – back then the old brick phones –, and then to BlackBerry, then came mobile internet via mobile phone and BlackBerry as well. Until then – I'd have to think for a second – 2007, 2008 when the iPhone came, and that really revolutionised the market. I'd say, if you worked at O2, you had a bit of a disadvantage in the first year, because whoever remembers a bit: Deutsche Telekom had secured a year of exclusivity with the iPhone – or from Apple. That meant they completely dominated the market. I don't need to tell the Apple success story. Well, and I was there for about four years, and in an environment that was changing extremely rapidly. They kept launching faster broadband offerings – so from fixed-line to mobile, then increasingly faster internet – also to the market. I myself also still had a

56K modem with that screeching sound – that was – when I left O2, that was, oh, that was exactly.

It's really been a long path to get where I am now. Even if it might not show, I've now been in professional life for almost 30 years and started – well, let me say – with an apprenticeship at Munich City Utilities. I was always somehow involved in some kind of market upheaval. Back then at Munich City Utilities I started as an industrial clerk during monopoly times. That is, it was still before energy market liberalisation. So I got to experience how a big ship changed direction from a supply point to a customer – now you need a customer management system. That was challenging on one hand, but of course also exciting. I was there for the first eight years and was always involved in some kind of project, system implementations and in sales, especially then very much in focus. Well, and then after eight years it became clear overall that I said to myself: as a former monopolist, you can really only lose customers in sales. So there was nothing about gaining any major new customers. And I really wanted to get into classic hard sales. Someone might say: well, okay, so your view apparently didn't extend beyond the street, because I actually then went to O2. So when you're in Munich – I live in Munich – you know that the Munich City Utilities headquarters is across from the O2 Tower, and I then got into telecommunications,

back then still O2. It's just a brand now. Hardly had I started when they said: oh, Telekom is buying us. Well, but not Deutsche Telekom, but Spanish Telekom. That meant, from a classic mobile phone provider to suddenly a communications provider of fixed-line – so always in a commercial environment, B2B – it was really an exciting time there too. Just from mobile phones – back then the old brick phones –, and then to BlackBerry, then came mobile internet via mobile phone and BlackBerry as well. Until then – I'd have to think for a second – 2007, 2008 when the iPhone came, and that really revolutionised the market. I'd say, if you worked at O2, you had a bit of a disadvantage in the first year, because whoever remembers a bit: Deutsche Telekom had secured a year of exclusivity with the iPhone – or from Apple. That meant they completely dominated the market. I don't need to tell the Apple success story. Well, and I was there for about four years, and in an environment that was changing extremely rapidly. They kept launching faster broadband offerings – so from fixed-line to mobile, then increasingly faster internet – also to the market. I myself also still had a

56K modem with that screeching sound – that was – when I left O2, that was, oh, that was exactly.

56K modem with that screeching sound – that was – when I left O2, that was, oh, that was exactly.

56K modem with that screeching sound – that was – when I left O2, that was, oh, that was exactly.

until such a website was built up. I think I sat there for three minutes beforehand waiting. But okay, every beginning is difficult. But when I left there after four years, those were leaps, that was crazy. And why did I leave? Because I simply realized that the topic of energy interests me much more. So telecommunications is exciting, but it was also just wild. There was really fierce competition then

back then, also with an agenda. And there was this company, back then still called Erdgas Südbayern, which was also based in Munich, and when I started, it relatively quickly transformed into Energie Südbayern. That means, from a pure gas supplier, it then became an integrated energy supplier, which then also meant electricity supply, and today operates in the most diverse service areas. Yes, and during my time at ESB, I think there was still a somewhat more relaxed

phase. There wasn't that much happening in the energy market yet. That was more of a company topic. But I was – now I really have to think about this again – in 2011 I started at Enovus Energy. That's a Luxembourg energy supplier, also specialized especially in large industrial customers, electricity and gas supply, classic balancing business. There I also got to see how an energy supplier tried to establish itself as a service provider. Here and there it worked, but in other places it didn't. So

what was mainly the topic there were alternative procurement forms. Then short-term procurement came into play, incorporating parts of procurement via the spot market, also bringing a certain responsibility towards the customer. Yes, and then of course – that was 2014, 2015 – the Paris Climate Agreement, around that time. Yes, and then suddenly – the topic in 2015, right? Yes, exactly. Then this big topic of sector coupling was suddenly on everyone's lips. And I relatively quickly realized for

myself: hey, wait a minute, somehow on the energy supplier side, that's all fine and good, there were always exciting times involved, but somehow, if real progress is going to happen in the direction of the energy transition – this topic of sector coupling really caught me and was also one of the triggers why I then exited that classic energy supply world. Yes, and as luck would have it, you always somehow end up meeting the right people when you move through the world openly enough with eyes and ears

open. And that's when Digital Energy Solutions was just forming. Back then a joint venture between BMW and Viessmann, and that was the thing – if not them, then BMW from the mobility side, Viessmann from the heating side. Both knew that their business models would increasingly orient towards electricity, whether that's electric mobility or heat pumps. And so the big idea at Digital Energy Solutions was to push this whole topic of sector coupling forward on the digital side. Very, very originally the

idea was to create a digital platform where energy producers and consumers would be brought together, of different kinds – whether large solar systems, combined heat and power plants, biogas plants, electric mobility – all areas of the energy landscape were to be brought together. And with this guiding principle, flexibility is the energy currency of the future, that totally drew me in, and I was there from the beginning too. Yes, that digital landscape thing didn't work out so well, let's say.

But people reacted relatively quickly and said, well, charging infrastructure is the gateway to such an energy world of the future, sector coupling. If I want to integrate vehicles into such an energy system, I need to provide charging infrastructure. BMW was already very far ahead in that at the time, and the same from the Viessmann side. Okay, so you have to rethink the topic. They already had a good portfolio together both from generation, photovoltaics, and storage

in place. Yes, and then it came down to hardware. It was first about creating that access to this new energy world of tomorrow, this sector coupling, really creating it. Also an exciting phase, because this was exactly at the time when people were saying: oh, electric cars don't have real range, you can barely get any anyway, way too expensive. And what's the point, we don't need that, and petrol and diesel is much better anyway.

Oh, what about hydrogen anyway? So significantly more discussions than are being held today, when that was on the agenda. But okay, if you believe in something, then it's simply: into the market and present solutions showing how things are actually different. Like I said, until today also the topic of electric mobility – you have to experience it, and you simply have to really see and get to know it first. So, the four years at Digital Energy Solutions were exciting from that perspective, because on the one hand we brought this technology to the market, so purely from the hardware side, and then also thought about what energy market products could be created. Because at Digital Energy Solutions, there were a few colleagues from Berlin and the Düsseldorf area, so that's how we kind of built together the digital world and energy, yes, the energy market world a bit. And we were really doing well. I think

so. Digital Energy Solutions, we had colleagues from Berlin and the Düsseldorf area, so we kind of put together the digital world and the energy market world. And we were really moving forward well. I think

Well, if anyone today knows the old story of Digital Energy Solutions, which no longer exists in that form today. It was dismantled at some point. I think they wanted to do too much all at once. So work was being done in all sorts of corners and ends. And it always had to be huge right away. It's BMW and Viessmann. They only know big, they don't know: let's start small now and scale, rather they really wanted to go straight into the fully scaled phase.

Yes, and I think maybe they got a bit in over their heads with the topics. In hindsight, maybe they would have taken a bit more time for just one part and then built up step by step. I think they just wanted too much at once. But well, time was pressing. They simply wanted to get the solutions onto the market. In hindsight, you're always wiser. And because Digital Energy Solutions then came to such an end and

then work had already started on, well, which areas of DES would probably predictably go where, I actually oriented myself towards BRE at the time, also a Munich-based company, that was in 2019. Because there a company was created with the approach of creating energy systems for international industrial customers that represent this sector coupling. That means from generation, large photovoltaic systems, storage systems, charging infrastructure, intelligent energy management systems. The company had gotten to the point where Power Solutions had, I'd say, a really

fat suitcase of solutions. Unfortunately, the end customer didn't play along. We had to unfortunately concentrate quite heavily on the whole generation topic, here and there maybe some charging infrastructure or perhaps a PV carport or something like that. But not in the scaling as you would have wanted to imagine or would have had to, simply to keep advancing those topics. Well, and after I then said from a structural level: well, I

didn't come here just to sell photovoltaics. To be fair. Exactly, so I looked around within the Balwei E Group and there was then the opportunity in solar wholesaling to bring my knowledge and my professional experience to that too. And my task was or is to build up an appropriate solution portfolio, consisting of commercial large-scale storage, AC/DC, charging infrastructure, energy management systems, in order to then bring such systems to end customers, to commercial and industrial end customers via specialist installers. Exactly, so that's where I am now today, which means in project business

and yes, but the topic of sector coupling didn't let go of me. So this energy world that now also serves on the end customer side as an entry point into the topic of flexibility – flexibility is the energy currency of the future. If you look at which direction the energy market is currently heading, away from the kilowatt-hour, away from energy, more towards power, at the time when the energy is there, to use it then, where incentive regulations are being created. So I think you can

definitely say: a few years ago when I went to DES back then, it's more current than ever today. Digital Energy Solutions was simply way too early. Sometimes you're just faster with your thoughts, with your ideas, with your drive to innovate than the market itself. But I see especially now also the storage topic as an essential building block, an important key for a successful energy transition, and that now momentum is coming and doors are opening of course also for further energy products, so purely from the energy market products perspective.

The field is very large: from hardware to energy products to services to service offerings. I won't get bored. But not until retirement. Exciting. Yes, a long arc. But exactly, built up tension over 30 years and can go in various directions. And let's start at the beginning. How was it back then with liberalization? It was 1997, if I remember correctly. Exactly, for the listeners who don't know exactly: it was about the monopolies of the various energy suppliers, who bundled everything together – both networks and

generation and then sale of electricity – that it was broken up and then very many energy retailers emerged from that, who then competed with each other. How was that? You were at Munich's municipal utilities. How was it, if you think back, what was the atmosphere like? And how did it develop in the years afterwards? Of course you can say first: outrage, outrage, now there's a market coming in here too. No. Well, I think Munich's municipal utilities were even then

a very, very innovative company, just as I still perceive it today, always at the forefront with the newest ideas and solutions. I think Munich's municipal utilities had the least problems back then. There were many municipal utilities and long-established companies that, I think, almost fell half dead off their chairs when this decision really came. But that had also been building up for quite a long time, it's not as if it was born overnight.

But what really wasn't resolved back then, and I still have to smile about it today, is for example this topic of network charges. How do I actually get the energy from A to B? Especially if as Munich's municipal utilities I want to deliver energy to Ingolstadt – how does that work? That wasn't resolved. There were then association agreements. There was association agreement one, then association agreement two and two plus and who knows what, until then the network charge scheme or the

The network fee system, the way we know it now – where the energy is withdrawn, that's where you only pay – until all of that was finally clarified. I still remember calls for tender back then where they literally took the map of Germany and physically calculated the individual network sections: exactly how much a kilowatt-hour of electricity cost from Munich to Ingolstadt, to Augsburg. Back then, they couldn't even deliver over such a long distance because it was such a large stretch and because you had to pay so much network fees. The complexity that was thought up back then was insane. So what we know today and take for granted, that caused a lot of headaches back then. And as already mentioned: on the other hand, many new rookies came in with it, the new energy suppliers like Yellow for example – I remember them very well. I think perhaps one or two listeners here do as well.

I believe the first action was 17.17 euros or 18.18 euros, so 17 euros per kilowatt-hour and 17 euros base fee per month. Then you'd say: how does that work? Then they also jumped onto E&Bay. That is – for those who don't know it so well – that's the energy trade fair, which still exists today, in Essen, always in February. That's basically the industry meeting, or rather that's where the big energy consumers, the big corporations come to negotiate with various energy suppliers about procurement–

So back then just procurement models. Today it's completely different topics that are discussed at E&Bay. And then they show up, from whoever, and however they were called back then, and somehow they're wearing sneakers and jeans. How crazy was that? And today I think that's quite normal. You see me now with a polo shirt, I've also got jeans on – quite normal today. The stick has been pulled out of the backside, if you want to put it that way. But

the culture has changed extremely. You really have to imagine: Munich's municipal utilities back then, that was a public company. Those were the civil servants – sluggish, slow, boring and can't count to three even today, the number three has to be counted tomorrow. And then being pushed into such rapid development – that was already challenging. Just this change management, as it's called today, simply

also bringing the people along with you. The municipal utilities had back then – I don't even know how many, but over 10,000 employees. Today it's a few thousand, still a lot. But that still includes the transport company and such. You have to imagine what happened to the people back then. I came in as a young person, as a young woman – I started my apprenticeship at 19 because I'd done something else abroad before

that. But I came in with it too. I was initially inexperienced, but I also witnessed what happened regulatorily. And what was going on with the people who had no idea anymore where left and right were, who also had to be taken along on the journey and who sometimes had to be told: behind an electricity meter sits a person. There's a person there. That's not a consumption point. That's a customer. That's

really crazy development phases where today everyone says, well that's completely normal. But that's just how it is. Anyone who's worked at a monopoly – maybe one or another listening here who works at a network operator – can perhaps sing a little song about that too. There are sometimes still certain, yes, very rigid structures. I know that that's no longer the case at many network operators the way it was

25, 30 years ago, but perhaps still similar, in that you're not as innovative and quick-thinking, and you say: okay, then it's to the right and not to the left anymore, I just have to change my thinking too. And you have to imagine: that was also still in the time – again, this sounds like I'm already ancient – but they only had these text display screens back then. Then PCs were introduced, because sometimes in customer billing, as it was called – today you call it customer service team, back then it was customer billing – five people shared two screens somehow, where you'd enter something or other. Nowadays of course with PC introduction and everything that comes with it. These are basics today, so when you say, what were those... that's nothing wild now. But the way we perceive the stakeholders, as they're so nicely called, currently in the market, who's moving around how. Yes, also the regulations, the way we live them today so naturally – that was really a time when everything still had to be established first. Or when one company after another was blessed by the most different management consultants, if I may put it so nicely. They came through Germany with their template. To those consultants now listening: sorry for the rudeness. But I always said they go through the world with a template – one fits all – somehow. Claudio, you've already said it. A separation had to be created, from generator to retail and from networks. They came in with the template and first implemented this unbundling too. And then of course also set up organizations completely differently. Of course, an organization chart has to be thought about completely differently when I suddenly have to deal with customers instead of just consumption facilities. And

Before 25, 30 years ago, but perhaps still similar, in that you're not as innovative and quick-thinking, and you say: okay, then it's to the right and not to the left anymore, I just have to change my thinking too. And you have to imagine: that was also still in the time – again, this sounds like I'm already ancient – but they only had these text display screens back then. Then

PCs were introduced, because sometimes in customer billing, as it was called – today you call it customer service team, back then it was customer billing – five people shared two screens somehow, where you'd enter something or other. Nowadays of course with PC introduction and everything that comes with it. These are basics today, so when you say, what were those... that's nothing wild now. But the way we perceive the stakeholders, as they're so nicely called, currently in the market, who's moving around how. Yes, also

the regulations, the way we live them today so naturally – that was really a time when everything still had to be established first. Or when one company after another was blessed by the most different management consultants, if I may put it so nicely. They came through Germany with their template. To those consultants now listening: sorry for the rudeness. But I always said they go through the world with a template – one fits all – somehow. Claudio, you've already said it. A separation had to be created, from generator to retail and from networks. They came in with the template and first implemented this unbundling too. And then of course also set up organizations completely differently. Of course, an organization chart has to be thought about completely differently when I suddenly have to deal with customers instead of just consumption facilities. And

really everything else around it. That was a whole different world. And the complexity – I have to say – was significantly greater back then than today, also because of the regulatory requirements that we simply didn't have yet. We had to create all of that first. And I think it's important to mention that this transformation – it was really a transformation – has shaped me a lot in my career so far. How do I deal with change? How do I handle uncertainty? These are questions that have accompanied me throughout my entire professional life and that I also try to pass on today.

Then crazy things came along too, like: suddenly photovoltaic systems are appearing, and suddenly some end customers want to generate electricity themselves? We do that. We as an energy supplier are responsible for that. That was an outrage like no other at the time. And then it was like: yes, and right away 5 kWp – gentlemen, that's a huge system. Nowadays everyone smiles about it. But those were challenges back then that you can't even imagine today, because simply the regulatory framework, which

we certainly like to complain about these days, wasn't even like that back then. You first had to find ways, possibilities, solutions to implement all of that, which is actually desired and demanded on today's prosumer side. So it was a fast-paced time and I think it was also marked by a lot of innovative power – even if nowadays people say, well, maybe it was a bit rough and ready. But I mean, when you face a problem and there wasn't a solution for it back then, you had to find the solutions yourself. As a market. I don't think I need to tell anyone what grid charges mean – if there are any changes to them – who wouldn't want to have a say, who wouldn't have great ideas, and how quickly it would happen these days if we had wanted to have a grid charge reform somehow – we've wanted it for years now, nothing's moving forward. But that was the topic back then too. Only it moved a lot faster back then. I think it was within two, three

years when it went from all these association agreements to this grid charge system that we still live with today. I always find it extremely fascinating to look back at the past in order to put the challenges of the present in relation to it. That was definitely very helpful. And then the following topics, which are coming up soon – grid charges and others – you can picture the map of Germany again. The second thing I found interesting in your

introduction is: you were basically in the energy industry most of the time, with that little interlude at O2. How do you look at the energy industry now, especially based on your experience? What do you take with you from the telecommunications industry for the energy industry? What can it learn from, for example? Well, I've said for a long time that if you think back briefly to the tariff structure in telecommunications – I know, who still remembers – to what times

of day you could call at which rates – those were differentiated, dynamic tariffs. So, the energy industry can definitely learn something from that. The telecommunications industry has been managing complexity for many years, offering differentiated products for different customer segments. They have experience with network management, with capacity utilization, and with how to communicate complex pricing to customers. I think the energy industry could benefit greatly from that expertise when it comes to dynamic pricing and load management.

which tariffs applied. Monday had a different price than Tuesday, and weekends were different anyway. And if I stood on my head and wiggled my teeth, I'd get some other prices too – all the way to some access numbers I had to dial to get even cheaper tariffs. So that was really a crazy time in telecommunications. I still remember it today: getting a tariff comparison done, that was almost like needing a mathematics professorship to

compare this tariff system today to a potential tariff system tomorrow. Telecommunications had to find its feet first. So: am I calling my own mobile network, a different mobile network, the landline, abroad, which country abroad – the same goes for data. So it was a complete tariff jungle. If you look at how that developed gradually over time: you needed a simple system that the end customer could simply

understand. That meant flat rates came, packages came. I just book whatever packages I need right now. Hardly anyone needs SMS anymore, almost. But SMS packages – how many per month do I roughly need? How many minutes do I call the landline? There was also that great analysis of your own calling habits, where I could then optimize my tariff perfectly. But basically, I think if you look at most providers today or what most end customers actually sign up for, flat rates are simply – calculable, simple, easy to understand. I just have the package now and I can do whatever I want with it. Now when we think about energy, which is what we're doing right now, we're making the tariff world pretty complicated too. There's complexity in there from dynamic tariffs. On the supply side – they're now supposed to, or it's not just supposed to, but dynamic tariffs are also coming

on the network charges side. That means this whole topic of making the energy world more flexible, yes, for – let me say – pros. I mean, only someone who deals with it extremely deeply understands that. When can I ideally charge my battery? Which electricity is better now – the one from my photovoltaic system, the one from my car, or the one actually from the grid? So the complexity is there – not just in B2C. I'm just focusing on B2C because – let me say – even an average person like Liesel Müller has to be able to understand that

It's crazy. I understand of course that everyone wants to optimize, that everyone tries to get the best deal for themselves, that every individual should be valued the way they think they can use energy, want to, need to, whatever. But my opinion is, the energy world can learn quite a bit from telecommunications. And I can already see some providers heading in that direction. That's away from this complexity,

which tariffs applied. Monday had a different price than Tuesday, and weekends were different anyway. And if I stood on my head and wiggled my teeth, I'd get some other prices too – all the way to some access numbers I had to dial to get even cheaper tariffs. So that was really a crazy time in telecommunications. I still remember it today: getting a tariff comparison done, that was almost like needing a mathematics professorship to

from this tariff jungle that is now being built up again. Back then it was just peak/off-peak rates, that is peak rate/off-peak rate, day and night electricity as it was sometimes called, maybe also heat pump electricity. Nowadays you have e-mobility electricity, heat pump electricity and I have no idea what hourly prices. I believe that will develop strongly in that direction – yes, packages too, flat rates as well. I've said that many years ago. I said it back during the Digital Energy Solutions times. My opinion is,

the complexity that is possible there is nice for those who want to and can engage with it. Because that's not everyone's, not every woman's daily business – those who maybe want to play around with it or are happy that they saved ten cents a day, that's completely legitimate. But I think for the very, very broad masses we simply have to think differently. I keep saying it, whether it's the topic of electromobility, whether it's the heat pump, whatever. There

these incredibly complex images are created, and I say: please keep it as simple as possible for the customer. It has to be simple so it gets accepted, so at least maybe it gets tried out, and not that most people fail before this complexity even starts. I think the energy industry can already picture that today, because there are lots of parallels, lots of them. I also had in the telecommunications sector – I had my networks, whether fixed-line, that is

laid in the ground, or the mobile networks. I had there – let me put it this way – my different use cases, whether any combinations of site networking, so VPN topics, mobile networks, fixed-line, package formation and so on. There is a lot of similarity in the products, in the solutions. And I don't think you should make the same mistake in the energy sector as in telecommunications – mistake because I believe many people simply felt left behind for a long time. It would be much simpler if you just made it simple for – I would really claim – in the

B2C sector for at least 90%, if not even 95% of end electricity users, and didn't get all worked up about which flexible tariffs and so on exist. Of course, it's difficult, I want to add that right away. Of course it's difficult to squeeze out that flexibility from customer systems, because why do you do it today? To of course also have an incentive system for those who already have storage at home, who can provide flexibilities and

want to. But I still think that – we already have a lot of regulation anyway – this dimming to 4.2 kW, that's already a topic where the grid operator should just do his thing, but not that the customer himself has to have a big say in it. If I want to have this, I have to go there – have to decide that. It's – yes, I think it's too complex. And that was also the case in telecommunications for a long time. I think,

we need simplicity there, also in regulation. Simplicity in regulation despite everything, because I think in the last two years at least a lot of confusion has been created. What is actually allowed now and what isn't? Just from the photovoltaic side, now in the homebuilder area. Yes, very, very interesting. A few more thoughts come to mind that I'd like to address. Namely: the networks. That's definitely, I think, a very

strong parallel, that you have networks in both cases. And of course they are also loaded to a certain degree. You notice that in everyday life when you share WLAN with your neighbors. And the second thing is this complexity. You do have flat rates in the tariffs. You have flat rates like Deutsche Telekom has. But then there's also things like Aldi Talk, where you don't have a flat rate. And that means the two

models coexist somehow. I'd like you to comment on that coexistence. And the third thing: flexibility. Ultimately the physics behind the weather, which increasingly determines the energy world today. This parallel maybe doesn't exist in the telecommunications industry. You do have the network analogy, which also has a certain capacity, but not this weather dependency. You only have supply and demand, which manifests itself somewhat in the networks, but not this supply and demand in the availability of energy. That's true, yes. Maybe briefly on the coexistence

of the different tariffs. I think there will always be justification for both sides. I mentioned it briefly. I think we still have to, so if we look at the topic of customer orientation: I think there will simply also be those who want to continue using these variable tariffs, because they simply want to optimize. I also once considered whether my flat-rate tariff wouldn't be more ideal for me

if I went to a prepaid card. I could save maybe another 5 euros a month. Back then it was like: well, 5 euros a month – then I have to go through the switching process back and forth, I don't know what all. There are also those who maybe need the 5 euros a month more, who then want to optimize from the communication side, cost side as well, because flat rates also have to do with security

do. So that's a bit like an insurance policy that I have. The bigger the package, the freer I want to be in my usage, the more risk premium I simply have to add on top. I think you have to say: most people who have flat rates – and I definitely include myself in that – I don't think I use everything I'm paying for. A lot is already going over WiFi now,

so I have my WiFi hotspots everywhere. I don't need gigabyte packages or anything like that. Although others again – so if I think about students, for example, who maybe don't have this classic thing: I still have a landline at home. That is, I think, for most of them: what even is a landline? I only have my mobile phone. Where individual usage behaviors then also get taken into account. I think that

is still a generational shift. I'm sort of an in-between thing, I think, still from this landline topic. I think there's only my mother-in-law who calls on the landline now. I wouldn't know who else would call on the landline. Everything else runs through the mobile phone. And if my mother-in-law didn't call, I think I would get rid of the landline eventually and then maybe I'd be forced again to look at what my phone contract actually looks like. Same thing with energy. I still think there's a need to take individual situations into account accordingly. One size fits all doesn't work. So I don't want to be reduced to that either. And there will always be customers who want a certain complexity – who just want to have that under control, which is fine too. I do think that with the now digital services like monitoring

and stuff like that, that's also well controllable for the end customers.

And if you take your thoughts on that – otherwise I would have gone to the other topic. Exactly. The other topic, so flexibility: How could you make it simple so that the complexity is hidden and at the same time you have incentive systems to be able to unlock flexibility, in your eyes? So for example, what I thought was super smart – that was already the case in BMW i times –: that in the USA in California, BMW had a test phase running where they told customers with the i3

Listen, if you plug in your car in the evening at the charging station – and the charging station was connected with appropriate communication with the grid operator –, if you plug in your car in the evening and simply enter how many kilometers or what percentage of charge you need in the car for the next day, you get a dollar a day. What happens during the night with the storage, you don't need to care about at all. You just get this

one dollar. What was being tested back then was to stabilize the grid using the battery storage of the vehicles – at night. That was the background. So that was already this topic of sector coupling, just on a small scale. I don't even know how many people participated back then. If maybe a handful of users were involved, then it was probably already a lot. But it was simply about: how does bidirectional charging actually work? That's what we keep discussing heatedly today.

That was already being tested and implemented very simply. Dear user, just tell me what you want to have the next day. You get a usage or compensation fee – back then it was declared as a usage fee. You earn something too. You don't have to do anything except just say: I'm on the network now. I want to drive this many kilometers the next day. And that's it. Then you get a goodie for it, whatever actually happens with the

battery. Completely irrelevant. And that's simplicity, what I mean. The user doesn't have to – well, whoever was interested and participated probably found it interesting too. You don't have to go into the smallest bits and bytes about what exactly is going on. The customer themselves shouldn't be responsible for providing their flexibilities at whatever times, but instead you simply tell them: look, you can rely on this platform – like I'd call it something like Energy Sharing –

is in that direction. So you just say: look, you just have to tell me your minimum needs. I'll make sure that's met in any case. You get a goodie of X euros per day, per week, per month – whatever. So whenever you participate in this system, you get money for it. And how that all comes together doesn't need to be explained in great detail first, but you're part of a bigger whole

and we make sure that through appropriate virtual power plants we jointly drive the energy transition. It has to be simple. And I think that's exactly the direction – that not everyone has to go into marketing individually and figure things out themselves, but instead it simply means: hey, I'm just part of this energy community. Fissmann, for example, started with that years ago. I'm just part of it, I put my assets into this community

and we see that through appropriate virtual power plants we jointly advance the energy transition. It has to be simple. And I think that's exactly the direction – not that every individual has to go into marketing themselves and figure things out, but that it simply means: hey, I'm just part of such an energy community. Fissmann, for example, also started with that years ago. I'm just part of it, I put my assets into this community

in it. Do something good, because through such a virtual power plant I can provide corresponding grid services or market services and receive a small compensation for it. And that was for example something that you then enabled for BMW with DES. Exactly, so those were topics we pushed forward. That's why I said: The charging infrastructure that we then built up was so to speak the access to these storage systems from the

vehicles. There was also at BMW – or there still is, I think, today – such a large charging infrastructure mile in Munich, it was called the charging mile back then, where we always dragged our customers to. Where exactly those kinds of topics were then tested, where flexibilities were managed, where we simply experimented – not just with BMW vehicles, but with all kinds. What kind of possibilities and potential does one have there? So today you say: Yes, wait, but then you already

have bidirectional capability. Yes, we do. So those were at least the first approaches. Not really bidirectional quite yet, of course. But those were the first beginnings where flexibilities were then also pushed to market at least as a digital twin. So now a real commercialisation model: for that you need significantly larger volumes, significantly larger power and capacities. But those were the first attempts back then with DES. Yes, successful. Then we can get into that in a moment. Now back to your motto, which

I read about in an article recently. I wanted to ask you how it came about that these two things are so important to you. Besides, The Lion King is also my favourite Disney film. Hakuna Matata is also one of your mottos. And: nothing ventured, nothing gained. And that particularly appeals to me as an entrepreneur. So I wanted to ask you how you came to that – the story behind it, or how does that manifest itself? Yes, exactly. So with The Lion King

who knows the Hakuna Matata song, it's really just about: don't worry, everything will be fine. Now put it simply. He already told a bit of it: it actually comes a lot from the professional side. It always turns out differently than you think. First you stand in front of a mountain of challenges and at first you think you can't get over that mountain. Step by step, not the whole thing. I could now start with

Momo will be there too. There are always great comparisons for that. Just one brushstroke at a time, don't look at the whole street first. And in the end everything will be fine. Hakuna Matata and the day will be good. That was the first thing. And yes, the second one is simply: nothing ventured, nothing gained – just try it first. It's about not discussing how it won't work, which is kind of a German disease, so to speak. Just really think about how it could work instead. And if you end up with a black eye or a bloody nose, well, you've at least tried it, and if it doesn't work there, you just go left or right instead. But nothing ventured, nothing gained – just try it first and don't make excuses for yourself, maybe don't even look for reasons why it might not work. Just try it first, especially in sales. I've spent many years in sales. Even there

nothing ventured, nothing gained – just try new paths too, think outside the box. You often get told no in sales. That helps, that kind of mentality. And fitting to that – I think it was in the same article or on LinkedIn, I don't remember exactly where I read it – that you also analyse market potentials and develop product and sales strategies and strategic partnerships. Can you give me some insights into how you do that in everyday life, so to speak?

Of course. Well, sales strategies, that was before the solar wholesale area. I built sales teams both at Power Solutions and at Digital Energy Solutions. These were young companies where my task was not just to develop the sales strategy – so which customers, which markets do we target, who are our target customers – but also to select the people for it. Sales strategy, in the classic sense, but from the bottom up, so I would say I have a blank slate now. Where does the company want to go – based on the company strategy – and then also design a sales strategy accordingly? Quite classically: who are my end customers? But that's already pretty much determined by the company's mission and vision. What kind of people do we need in terms of DNA? What are we as a company? And of course that's always exciting with startups like this, because you develop along with it yourself. So it's not just that

you say, OK, it's already defined and this is A, B, C that must be fulfilled, but rather: what do we believe in? I think that's the kind of person who belongs there. And now here in solar wholesale, it's more about the issue – so for example what we explored in the market: heat pumps. Wouldn't that be something we should add to our product portfolio? Yes, of course.

Well, exactly. And then we sit down and say: what market potential does heat pumps have in our region? What are the distribution channels? Who are the decision makers? And then you develop a strategy from that, which partners do we need? Do we need a manufacturer partnership or do we work with wholesalers? All these questions need to be answered before we start with sales activities.

And that's where experience comes in. You need to have seen the market, you need to have built relationships, you need to know where the pain points are. And that's exactly what I enjoy about this work – not just the strategic thinking, but also the practical execution together with the team. It's a combination of both that makes it interesting.

We are a solar wholesaler, we have everything that a PV system needs: modules, inverters, our own mounting structure. We offer storage, we offer charging infrastructure. Yes, why in the world not also heat pumps? Well, because it is something a bit different. To put it a bit casually: if the PV system doesn't work for three days, that's not too bad – if the heating doesn't work for three days, that is. And the market is also in upheaval here. And I was allowed to help set up a business plan here

with us, for example, where various market situations were analysed for us. I think you can say – I think it's no secret now – of course, as a solar wholesaler, the heat pump is essential for us to complete this whole sector coupling topic – we also have an energy management system that could control all of this – but if you want to do it right, that doesn't mean I simply stock a few heat pumps in the warehouse and wait for some customers to click through in the web shop, rather I need consulting, I need services to go with it. Our customers originally come from the solar sector. That means they are the ones who come from the roof side, who install photovoltaic systems and also like to put up charging stations and storage, but have had no contact with heat pumps yet. That means what we of course also thought through – so what is already developed just needs to be implemented, just in quotation marks – we need coaching, we need

this customer enabling, this customer education. Because that's how we understand ourselves here at BVA E Solar Energy Systems: you don't just buy a product from us, but of course you also get the technical expertise to go with it. Because if you have any questions, they get answered and not just by reading the manual. And we would of course have exactly the same aspiration with the heat pump. And I think I don't need to say that the heat pump is not a photovoltaic system, that there's a bit more to it

and that we would therefore need to build up our training academy accordingly. We would need additional specialist staff. There's a lot that comes with it. You could say it costs a good seven-figure range. I think that's fair to say, it's no secret: if you're as big as we are, then you don't start by only setting up such offerings for individual cities in Germany, rather it has to be a nationwide offering. It has to be available everywhere

as well. And as I said, not just the products, but also the services, the training and of course the appropriate support. And on the other hand, topics like commercial systems and large-scale storage, which have been in extremely high demand on the market for the last year and a half. Of course we also keep getting inquiries: how does it look? So not just customer systems, but also

the large grid-connected systems, megawatts. How does it look with marketing? Where we also need to bring in appropriate network partners for ourselves. How do we tackle this whole topic of value creation from the box – we are only the one supplying this box, so the storage. We are the hardware supplier, but the added value for the end customer has to be generated somewhere else, and that we team up with appropriate partners in the market here,

so that together we can also present this solution to the end customer. Because it's not just our customer who brings such a system technically to the customer, but it also has to be someone who generates these added values – for example an aggregator, or it has to be the right electricity supplier who can then also offer the right electricity contract to the customer. There's a bit more to it than just somehow selling a box. And that's my job, to see this market activity, but then to be guided by the product portfolio – so that the product portfolio interlocks meaningfully, so that the products can also communicate with each other, that it's compatible, that I can also use it. Because if I only have individual elements that don't know anything about each other, then I don't get anything out of it – right up to real service providers, aggregators, energy suppliers, who actually bring the added values to the system in the first place, or also direct marketers for PV and so on. Yes, that certainly helps

to develop such an understanding. Perhaps once more for completeness: so you are a wholesaler and sell to installers, who in turn sell to end users. That would be the chain. And it was interesting to see how you strategically add a product category, the portfolio, then how you go about it, what the thinking is. And how do you then proceed when you have to select a specific product as a wholesaler? That would be interesting. And also: how do you differentiate yourselves from other

wholesalers? What are the complexities where you try to assert yourself on the market? Yes, not so simple. Claudio, you're already talking about something else that is of course strategically a particular challenge for such an international company as we are. Because on the one hand there are must-have products. There are manufacturers you have to have in your portfolio, otherwise the market runs away from you, because everyone else offers them.

We are a solar wholesaler, we have everything that a PV system needs: modules, inverters, our own mounting structure. We offer storage, we offer charging infrastructure. Yes, why in the world not also heat pumps? Well, because it is something a bit different. To put it a bit casually: if the PV system doesn't work for three days, that's not too bad – if the heating doesn't work for three days, that is. And the market is also in upheaval here. And I was allowed to help set up a business plan here

with us, for example, where various market situations were analysed for us. I think you can say – I think it's no secret now – of course, as a solar wholesaler, the heat pump is essential for us to complete this whole sector coupling topic – we also have an energy management system that could control all of this – but if you want to do it right, that doesn't mean I simply stock a few heat pumps in the warehouse and wait for some customers to click through in the web shop, rather I need consulting, I need services to go with it. Our customers originally come from the solar sector. That means they are the ones who come from the roof side, who install photovoltaic systems and also like to put up charging stations and storage, but have had no contact with heat pumps yet. That means what we of course also thought through – so what is already developed just needs to be implemented, just in quotation marks – we need coaching, we need

Yes, whether you want to or not – like Coca-Cola in the supermarket. If you don't have Coca-Cola, even at Aldi, that's already kind of awkward. Then you've simply not addressed a large customer base. That's why: there are simply manufacturers and their products that you have to have in your portfolio. There's no ifs or buts about it. We're also market leaders on the manufacturer side. And if you don't have the market leaders in the store, well, for us that means we won't remain market leaders either.

That means, there are simply some that are fixed. Period, done. You don't even need to discuss them. We take those on board. And then there are manufacturers and products that we actually select. We do market analyses or have done market analyses in the past. We've had a fixed product portfolio for about nine months now. And it doesn't make sense either to shuffle things around every six months, removing and adding products, but rather

especially in the project business we're also in – the larger systems – to have some stability in the solution portfolio. We look at what's being requested in the market right now. I mean, a very current example: storage systems. On one hand, customer storage systems are in high demand. Now commercial and industrial customers are increasingly waking up from their slumber, if I may put it that way, and are also seeing the added value. That certainly has something to do with the fact that

storage systems have dropped dramatically in price. The added-value marketing models are being discussed more and more intensely. What else can I do besides own consumption optimization and peak shaving? What are different peak-shaving models? So my electricity cost optimization – what can I actually do with such a storage system? That's of course much more attractive. And then I can look at: what does the end customer want? Well, emergency backup power would also be nice, and this and that additional feature. Aha, OK, so it's not just

a dumb storage system that can store and discharge, but I need special functions that come with it. So I look around the market, do a market analysis, and also check what it has to do with certifications. Are all certifications available for our market? What does the price structure look like – of course it can't be totally out of range. What's the manufacturer actually like? Do we fit together? Because now as BE Solar Energy Systems we build very strongly on long-term

business relationships. Are these manufacturers that have only been on the market for two years? Have they been around longer? How solid is their experience? And what services do they offer especially? It doesn't help us if we just get the boxes delivered to the door – here, please sell – and if anything goes wrong, we have no one to contact. Those are all decision-making topics. You can really imagine it: we have a decision matrix there where important criteria for us are listed, and accordingly we evaluate

all these manufacturers. And then it's simply: what's most important to us? What's less important? And the one with the highest score wins. With them we then go into more intensive discussions. And we keep checking: what does the market want? And with which of our partners can we then meet this need? Because storage is not the same as storage, just as an example. The same goes for inverters – an inverter is not the same as an inverter, and a charging station is not the same as a charging station. The charging station

can do a bit more – do I need an RFID module, do I need a direct payment terminal? What do I need? So it's very similar, and no single manufacturer can do everything, but I need good selection. Sometimes one is better, sometimes the other is better. For the project business, we've said: maximum five manufacturers with their respective product portfolios. And with that we can cover all topics well. And especially in the competitive environment you also have to be

a bit different from the others. So if we carried the exact same products one-to-one like our competitors, then we'll – as it is already very much – be compared via web shops. And if it's the same product, then only the price matters. And we try – not just try, but it's important to us – to link the whole topic, especially in the project area, strongly with services. So we simply say it's not just about the box, it's especially about

the pre-sales phase, the whole technical coordination up to execution. What do you get with the box? So for example, is a commissioning service included, do you get on-site training? What do you get as an installer, as a specialist partner, when you buy such a system for your customer? Because the installer doesn't want to be left alone either. When the installer has such a system on-site at their end customer, who makes hell hot if the thing doesn't work – it costs a bit after all – they naturally want to have a good feeling and not just: OK, now I have the thing here and I'm allowed to read 350 pages in the manual first. But when they know I have someone I can also just call directly, then they have a good feeling. And when they have a good feeling, they can also pass that good feeling on to the end customer. So very – yes, I'd say

that's very important. I mean, that's the whole story. It's not just about the product, it's about the entire package and the relationship we build with our partners and ultimately with the end customer.

very diverse – but how we select them is on one hand through such an evaluation matrix, but also: who works with us on an equal footing? That's also a very important factor. I've also seen a lot of posts from you with Somek or Janika. Can you tell me a bit more about how that came about? Really nice examples. Janika was selected exactly according to such a principle. We had, before

we worked together with Janika, we had another EMS partner, so an energy management system partner. For those who maybe aren't so deep into it yet: the energy management system is the brain of an energy system. On one hand it has the control – so it's not just about monitoring, but also about controlling the individual components that are in such an energy management system – right up to the interfaces. Direct marketers, storage marketers, so, let me say, the outside world, if I may put it that way

The energy management system is also the translator and the transporter of all the information that has to flow through such a system. So very important for us, to put it concisely. Long story short: important, important indeed. And our partner up to that point had kept us on a bit of a tight leash – I would almost say – let us go hungry. That's why it was necessary not just for us as a wholesaler, but also for other energy companies that also work with

EMS partners, to look around the market together. We ran a Europe-wide analysis: who can do what and how? Who is established in what way on one hand, who has what compatibilities, who has a certified EZA controller – all that sort of thing. And again we defined in advance what's important to us, what's essential. We spoke with many, many potential manufacturers. And in the end Janika came out way ahead and actually collected the most points – simply based on the competencies they've had in-house for a very long time. And that's how our business relationship came about, so from a pure – let me say – desk analysis, then with on-site visits where we go into production, just absorb the understanding of how they see themselves, how they present themselves in the market. And that simply – sorry if I

put it

I have to say it now – it fit together like a glove. So simply from the culture side as well, how the companies are set up. And that was on an equal footing from the start. That's about Jäner. And on the other side SCMac as well in a similar way. We simply faced the challenge there: we were flooded – or still are today – with all kinds of manufacturer requests about what great systems they all have. Mostly from the

Chinese corner. But by that point we already had a very good range. And this approach with SMC also had something to do with the time when we had the allocation. So when after Corona the supply chains didn't run quite optimally – we all saw that. That already showed us quite a significant dependency. Maybe Made in Europe would be really, really good again, to focus on that again at least

for a moment. And a colleague from my team who – it's been 7 or 8 years now – already built up the topic of commercial storage with us, he's always looked very strongly into the UPS world especially, I'd say. And SCMac is a company – well, a French company for those who don't know them yet – active in the market for over 100 years already, active in the storage field for many years as well. But you don't know them from the

Solar sector, but rather from industry, from the uninterruptible power supply environment. A major competitor of Janer – or the other way around. So they face each other as the strongest competitors in the European or global market, you have to say. It's not just Europe, but also in the global market. But as far as SCMac is concerned: where they also convinced us – not just Made in Europe – they work together with CATL, so with CATL batteries, as direct purchasers, so not through any intermediaries, but work directly with CATL too

together, also in development. The experience in the storage field was simply essential for us, especially for industrial customer systems. That was a very important factor for us because we were able to incorporate a few learnings from recent years. When we're dealing with commercial and industrial end customers, perhaps not every commercial storage system is particularly well suited. One fits better, the other not so well. It's always a question of what framework conditions I'm dealing with. And SCMac, you have to say clearly, has an extremely good understanding of industrial end customers, has built up an incredibly convincing service, both in the pre-sales and after-sales phase or in the implementation phase. And this complete package brought a great deal of trust on our customer side. And what makes the technical aspect particularly special about them is that they can also add an emergency power system – not just talk about emergency power capability, but they actually deliver the emergency power unit technically as well. And there are hardly any who do that,

clearly say, has an extremely good understanding of industrial end customers, has built up an incredibly convincing service, both in the pre-sales and after-sales phase or in the implementation phase. And this complete package brought a great deal of trust on our customer side. And what makes the technical aspect particularly special about them is that they can also add an emergency power system – not just talk about emergency power capability, but they actually deliver the emergency power unit technically as well. And there are hardly any who do that,

Hardware. You mean a diesel generator? No, that's what's called a disconnect device, so it's not an uninterruptible power supply, but rather an emergency power system. That means it's the disconnect device so that in case of a power outage the system switches over to island operation. And many, many battery storage systems – many say yes, we're emergency power capable, but exactly this switching device is something the installer has to add themselves. You get loads of documentation and can do it yourself. But most of our customers don't really have the time and inclination for that.

Especially with the topic of commercial storage. I keep saying it: the topic of commercial storage. It's made out as if there are already tens of thousands of systems in the field. Far from it. We're still in the early stages with real commercial storage systems. And there you should really rely on partners who – especially when we're in customer installations – also know what they're doing and aren't just component suppliers. That's the be-all and end-all.

That's why Socomec too needs to be understood. To be honest, I was a bit confused. CATL makes, as far as I know, cells and modules, battery storage modules, and Socomec sources the cells and makes the modules – or how exactly does it work? Okay. The complete batteries: Socomec develops and researches the so-called power unit. So the power unit comes from Socomec itself, and the battery unit – whether that's the battery cabinet or the container – that comes from CATL.

However you pronounce it – they source them that way, but they also work very closely with CATL in further developing battery technology, because despite everything it's also about connectivity. And what you meant, that they differentiate themselves from others, that there's no one in between – because usually, I don't know that as well as maybe you do, there are still many intermediary companies that basically – you want to be directly connected to the OEM

Right. And not many are directly connected to the OEM. Many have some system integrators in between or some other middlemen, let's call them that. But if you're directly connected to the OEMs, then normally you're also a bit more involved in the development from the start than if you only come in at the third or fourth stage of development. And then: why do you think they're now major competitors

Janitza and Seca? Because one is a battery manufacturer and Janitza does more meters and energy management. And Socomec does that too. So Socomec is exactly – Socomec is also involved in the meter topic. If you look at the overall portfolio of both companies, you have about 70 % overlap. But more from the metering technology side. Yes, I understand. And speaking of batteries and energy management:

What are the market developments like? I think there was 200 gigawatt in Germany alone. You mean very few are installed so far, but there's a lot happening right now. What are you observing, and what challenges do you see? Many challenges, but all solvable. I would actually like to think of the storage topic in two parts: on the one hand customer installations, so for commercial or end customers, really then also integration into the energy system. What's really nice to see

is that the willingness is there again to at least have it calculated through. The inquiries come in the form of: I heard about this – and that something like dynamic tariffs for business operators is a bit of a trigger. You hear: I can optimize own consumption, I can do peak shaving, and additionally I can also use dynamic tariffs. That's a

nice development. Now it probably needs to go more in the direction of having more specialist partners and specialist installers who also dare to tackle such topics. Because we're getting feedback from some of our customers that: if you want to add a storage system, you have to tackle a bit more – the low-voltage main distribution has to be rebuilt, the connections aren't available anymore. Whether it's an indoor storage or outdoor storage – those are topics where

I think some standardization still needs to be put in place. But that's developing slowly. I think it also has to do with the products: the simpler the products in the C&I sector – so Commercial and Industrial, so commercial and industrial – the more readily many installers adopt it. In the private sector, those are plug-and-play systems. 70–80 % of all PV systems are now only being done with storage in the residential area, simply because it's

simple. And we're already seeing that, it's being implemented right now in the storage sector too. So not like: I now have my battery and I have to screw an inverter onto it, and I have to screw that on, and then somehow something comes out the back – I don't know, maybe a meter comes in too. These are complete systems. They're pre-assembled, pre-installed – they're not quite all plug-and-play yet, but at least the system itself is much simplified. There

it certainly needs to be integrated. What's a challenge there is the energy management system, so that there's understanding, also from end customers, why I need that. That just needs to be clear: the box alone – if I now research on the internet as an end customer, what does such a commercial storage system cost – well, those aren't the only costs, but I simply also need an EMS, and ideally the EMS maybe not just for operation

of the storage system is set up, but that I also do a bit more right away – classically, that I get my entire energy system in there too perhaps. But there are good developments happening. We see that things are moving forward, and I'm confident that we'll keep seeing steady growth. We're already seeing that sales volumes are increasing significantly. And when the topic of residual capacity marketing comes up, which we're also working on – I believe,

then the deal is done and then hopefully things will move faster, because that's another ROI booster – return-on-investment booster – if you have this add-on, which lets you generate additional revenue. The other topic, what you mentioned now with the 200 GW and such – oh my, that's this "in front of the meter". These grid facilities, these megawatt and gigawatt storage parks that are supposed to be built, we will certainly also

see that they are mainly "in front of the meter". So 200 GW is very little in the commercial sector, super little. So everything that goes into megawatts – at least I would claim that 95 % of them are definitely "in front of the meter" and 5 %, when we're talking about megawatt systems, are then at customer facilities. Most of the systems that inquire with us are co-located with PV systems, that is with ground-mounted systems, where the shared grid connection can be

used jointly, but also as standalone installations. That means, where there's simply proximity to some substation or something like that, where such inquiries come in. What the challenge is: what I'm already seeing is that these inquiries are currently still extremely, well, mostly very unqualified. We're struggling right now to get these inquiries qualified, in the form of: how far along are we actually in this project? And maybe also to clarify beforehand, before you even make a request with us – well, simply

just to say what emails we receive, just as an example. We get an email: "I need a quote for a 5 MW or 10 MW storage system. Thank you very much. You can get back to me then." We're talking about ten megawatts here. Depending on who reaches out: these are technical partners, sometimes also end customers who reach out, or investors too. So sometimes it's also investors reaching out to us, but also technical partners, because they also want to understand

what's going on right now. Everyone's running around with dollar signs in their eyes, so to speak, saying storage is a money-printing machine and I need to understand that somehow. Now they're asking: what does such a storage system actually cost? Or then the exact situation comes up: now I'll make a grid connection request, even though I don't have a project yet. For many it's actually like that, yes, I just want to have information.

but have already worked out concrete quotes from us, they submit grid connection requests to the grid operators. That's why – I think everyone from the industry has already picked up on this – they're almost being flooded with all kinds of grid connection requests, and many grid operators have already said: now we're making a clean sweep. All requests are initially rejected.

I can understand it, because I'm sure that roughly 80 % of all requests – there hasn't even been a preliminary building notification filed, there isn't even really a property secured yet. So starting with the grid connection first and mainly just having to have it – that's not good for the market, because we're blocking ourselves extremely together instead of tackling it cleanly, in a structured and well-organized way. And sometimes the same project is being inquired about by five different parties.

That means, right now there's kind of wild growth – almost a hysteria, I'd almost say. It would be good if we all took a breath again, reflected: like we did with photovoltaics. There's project development, and a storage system is similar in project development to a large-scale ground-mounted PV system, a PV ground-mounted system. I don't start with the grid connection first. I start first with the location. I really start with

project development, so that I also really understand what I need and what most people miss. Excuse me if I put it that bluntly. I have to get the marketer on board as early as possible, of course. Of course there's an index. That's been available on the internet since last year. I can see there what I could earn per megawatt of large-scale storage in arbitrage and control energy, for instance. But

I need a marketer, because the marketer also gives me certain technical specifications. They tell me how many full cycles per day must be guaranteed? What project duration, what guarantees? What else needs to be queried technically beforehand? They need to be on board as early as possible, because if I offer them a storage system with 5 MW / 10 MWh now, then roughly 30 % of the quote isn't even correct. And a large part is also missing, maybe even the costs, because if then

at least five or ten years of system warranty are required, then it's certainly not the price that comes out as standard with 24 months warranty. Those are just some of the topics. I think more information needs to get into the market. We're trying to do that through webinars, through workshops, through seminars, to make clear what project steps come when, and that the system request or the system quote comes relatively late in the process.

Of course, we can already roughly estimate the investment required per kilowatt-hour. But in my view, there's currently a lot, a lot of wild growth. And as advocates for getting this key technology finally into the grid, we should all move to a more professional level and really think about it: project management is the be-all and end-all, and not like the network operators are doing now, just clogging up some channels. Because the problem is that

it's the same queue as for large PV projects, which also request grid connections for large storage systems. That means I'm blocking everything. And I don't think that's helpful to anyone. That's what we're observing. Totally makes sense. And with these same projects – you mean because there were five offers from one supplier to the one who wants to build it – then everyone rushes to the same request and creates even more work for the same project. Yes, there are

a transformer station, for example. You know, there's such a transformer station. And because no one has secured the land yet, you inquire without having even spoken to the landowner. And if several people do it at the same time, you have the same project on the table five times over. And probably it's increasingly going in the direction that corresponding service providers or developers are having to charge a certain fee upfront to avoid being overwhelmed with unqualified inquiries. Because that's currently one of the biggest challenges: unqualified inquiries. Let's dive deeper into energy management in commercial settings. It's also the case that there are already energy management systems in factories or industry. What's the challenge when you add commercial storage or charging infrastructure, or a solar system

on top – the keyword being interoperability, that all the systems can work together. Is that straightforward or are there challenges? Significantly easier. So when we actually have end customers in projects who have already set up an energy management system, it's much easier. Not just technically, because the interfaces are already there. They're well standardized, so you can simply integrate these systems into a higher-level energy management system, or energy management systems are already in place, for example from

Janitza – that can also be the case – where you simply add an add-on and say: OK, now it's just a monitoring system. Now I need a control system, because monitoring is one thing. So what most can do – maybe we should clarify that too

whether it's now a monitoring or control system, because I think it's also often confused. Yes, it's not well labeled. I just use it the way it's referred to in the market now, but actually it's not correct. When we talk about an energy management system, I think many understand – so an energy management system according to ISO 50001 – that means I've set up a monitoring system where some meters at the location are installed, sometimes rougher, sometimes more detailed.

And not just electricity, but also heat, water, compressed air – all kinds of energy types can be integrated into such an energy management system. The larger a company, the earlier they were also obligated to set up such an energy management system, simply to create awareness. Where does the energy come from? So how much energy am I actually consuming? And where does it actually go? So what do I do with the energy at my site? And based on this transparency, you can of course also derive energy efficiency measures. That means that's the origin of the

idea of why an energy management system has been prescribed especially for larger companies. The BAFA, for example, also co-funds this, especially for SMEs. It's been a regulatory issue for many, many years. But that's a monitoring system. When I've been talking about energy management systems up to now, I actually mean something much more like a PLC. That means I'm also bringing corresponding control signals into this system. The foundation of everything, of course, is first that I know what's actually there.

So I have an energy management system where corresponding meters – I first need the monitoring to know what generators and consumers are in this system – and then I can also provide corresponding control signals based on priorities. So for example when we're talking about storage: when should it charge? When should it discharge? Whether it's own consumption optimization, where the PV inverter is one of the control units setting the parameters. Or if it's peak shaving

– then it's more the meter at the grid connection point that provides the specification: warning, I'm currently in a critical range, make sure the storage is discharging now and absorb this peak. Or is it the charging infrastructure, for example, which through such an energy and load management system – if we say it correctly, it should really be called an energy and load management system – so that this load management in this system as a control actually throttles the charging infrastructure. That's why, yes,

it's the same queue as for large PV projects, which also request grid connections for large storage systems. That means I'm blocking everything. And I don't think that's helpful to anyone. That's what we're observing. Totally makes sense. And with these same projects – you mean because there were five offers from one supplier to the one who wants to build it – then everyone rushes to the same request and creates even more work for the same project. Yes, there are

That's correct. You have to use the right terminology. Internally we say energy and load management system, but that's quite a long word, and I think in normal usage everyone says EMS anyway, although I think LMS or an SPS would almost be more correct. But thank you – it's really important to make that distinction clear. Monitoring is one thing, control is another. That's what's important, the control. And there are no conflicts

between the systems already installed, which try to optimise a load peak from machines and systems, for example, and the new stuff that comes on top with a battery and then charging infrastructure or PV working together. Well, I have to say clearly: Who is in charge here and who has nothing more to say? So I need this – I know you're not supposed to say it anymore – master-slave principle. But who really has the say? Who is the overarching energy management system? Who gives the commands from the very top,

and which controllers and which units are then just executing bodies? I have to think that through carefully beforehand. That's one of the topics we support, where we work with Janer and we're currently also adding a second EMS/LMS partner – where this service package is essential, talking to the customer. That's why we have a project survey form where we say: Where are you coming from? Tell me, what do you have now? And where do you want to go, so that we

understand how an energy management system needs to be implemented so that the target image the end customer wants can also be realised. So you could perhaps imagine it – in terms of prioritisation – like a waterfall system. So you simply say: If this happens, which priorities apply? How do I then have to switch the system up, down and sideways accordingly? On the topic of intelligent charging and bidirectional charging, you briefly mentioned the BMDV example

earlier. How do you see it – as an energy industry expert – why hasn't this topic really taken off yet? And where lies the challenge, perhaps less on the technical level than on the energy industry level? It actually is a no-brainer. And there are already – I don't know how many gigawatt-hours now in terms of capacity out there, today in Germany and even more in the world. What are the hurdles? Why didn't Habeck manage to get it done in the last legislative period, for example,

and where are the problems? Well, as you already say, technically it really isn't the issue. We come back to this regulatory aspect, that our regulations in some cases still come from completely different times. I think if you start to look at where the regulations should be heading, there will probably be quite a few adjustments needed in the Energy Industry Act, the Renewable Energy Act and various other topics. What is my – what is one of my biggest topics. We have in our thinking, in our balancing group thinking, so how our energy balancing system is structured, we have such a silly issue called balance. So what is a balancing group? Every energy supplier has at least one balancing group. It always has to be balanced. That means I have energy on one side of the balancing group that flows into this balancing group. That has to be exactly the same amount as is also fed out. But if I just take the classic

example: I myself live in Munich but maybe work for an employer in Dachau. So I have the Dachau municipal utilities. Now I go there, charge my electric car with electricity, drive home and don't just charge the electricity here at my place, but maybe even want to feed it back into the grid. Now I have kilowatt-hours inside my car. The balancing group doesn't even know about them. That means I already have an issue from a billing perspective, that I can't just suddenly move energy back and forth from location A to location B. That's a big issue with all these whole energy-sharing models, for example, as you may have already heard. There will be some relief coming there. That's regulated in the Energy Industry Act, exactly. And I think we can also clear a few hurdles on this topic because currently, if you technically have the charging station connected to your house, you can already charge bidirectionally

That's hugely expensive because you basically need a DC charging station. That costs a fortune. But of course you can also integrate your electric car battery directly into your home energy system. Now it would of course be even better if you could say, if I have my car plugged in at my employer or somewhere else – that would of course be the prerequisite for it to work – then I can participate with my vehicle in these flexibility marketing activities. I just always have to say – now we're back to this Californian BMW i3 thing from ten years ago – I simply say: I'll be back in three hours, or at the employer: I'll be back in eight, nine, ten hours. I definitely need sixty percent battery capacity so I can get home somehow and go shopping and do whatever else. What happens in between is none of my business, but then I get paid accordingly – whether that's me personally or the employer, because it's a company car, for example, let's not worry about that. But with that, if this

works out, then I can also participate in these flexibility marketing activities, for example, as you may have already heard. There will be some relief coming there. That's regulated in the Energy Industry Act, exactly. And I think we can also clear a few hurdles on this topic because currently, if you technically have the charging station connected to your house, you can already charge bidirectionally.

That's hugely expensive because you basically need a DC charging station. That costs a fortune. But of course you can also integrate your electric car battery directly into your home energy system. Now it would of course be even better if you could say, if I have my car plugged in at my employer or somewhere else – that would of course be the prerequisite for it to work – then I can participate with my vehicle in these flexibility marketing activities. I just always have to say – now we're back to this Californian BMW i3 thing from ten years ago – I simply say: I'll be back in three hours, or at the employer: I'll be back in eight, nine, ten hours. I definitely need sixty percent battery capacity so I can get home somehow and go shopping and do whatever else. What happens in between is none of my business, but then I get paid accordingly – whether that's me personally or the employer, because it's a company car, for example, let's not worry about that. But with that, if this

works out, then I could also participate in these flexibility marketing activities. I just always have to say – now we're back to this Californian BMW i3 thing from ten years ago – I simply say: I'll be back in three hours, or at the employer: I'll be back in eight, nine, ten hours. I definitely need sixty percent battery capacity so I can somehow get home and go shopping and I don't know what else. What happens in between doesn't matter to me, but then I get paid accordingly – whether that's me personally or the employer, because it's a company car for example, let's set that aside. But with that, if this

The topic of energy community, energy sharing now being open would, in my view, be the right foundation to implement this. Challenges from that side are already solved. What the other challenge is, of course, is the technology. I don't even have the possibility yet, because – to my knowledge, and I'm not as deeply involved anymore since leaving DS – but from what I've gathered: we still don't have real standards set so that I

can plug every car into every charging station, so that this bidirectional charging can actually work. I think that would need to be highly standardized technically. Standards mean scaling, scaling means significantly cheaper prices. We've already seen that in all markets so far. But I think these are topics that still need to be solved when it comes to standardization. In the past, at least I got the impression, whether it's the car manufacturers or the charging infrastructure manufacturers – everyone is still trying to cook their own little stew to

stand out from the competition. But to really implement this properly, we need uniform standards, regardless of whether they're European manufacturers or Japanese, Chinese vehicle manufacturers, it doesn't matter at all. We would need uniform standards, like we have with mobile phone charging cables, for example. Yes, okay, that took ages to get there. But that would be a topic that I think, if we could still integrate it, could bring

electric vehicles into the energy system, extremely many advantages. And I don't know whether perhaps, if it can be quantified, how many euros are behind it, whether that might give it another boost. I think often we function based on euros, dollars, or whatever. Once it becomes clear what economic potential is behind it, then more effort goes into finding solutions. I often don't get the feeling that we're working on

the solutions right now, but rather on finding problems, why it really can't work. But as I said, I think from the energy system or from energy balancing we'll have significantly better cards next year. If technology could make good progress there too, then I think we could pull it off and bring it to success. And speaking of euros – where do you see the most potential? You mentioned, I think, three – that was probably the balancing energy market,

So how you can stabilize the transmission networks – the electricity highways, the really big ones. However, the market is seen by many market participants as a small market and might be saturated. But then there's the electricity market, where the availability of renewables in comparison to supply manifests itself and is much larger. And then of course local consumption and then the distribution networks, which also have some bottlenecks. Where do you see potential there in terms of euros for the electric vehicle driver

with the most upside? Well, I would – you're right. The balancing energy market is already partly well saturated, although there are still a few euros to be earned. It's always just a question of how quickly I can get virtual power plants together in such volumes through such vehicles that it's also marketable for the balancing energy market. You have to say that. I think marketers prefer to go in with a two-megawatt, four-megawatt-hour unit, so a

storage system, rather than use swarm energy for that. That's like this Sonnenbatterie topic, maybe also what this swarm topic originally was. I think that if the added value is there, this arbitrage topic is still pulling right now. Of course. Many say: if there are now so many storage systems in the system, then this arbitrage topic, meaning I make money through electricity marketing, wouldn't be so big anymore. But I don't have to pay grid charges with my car. So

if I can clarify that through regulations accordingly, I think something will come of it – that I can make money through this arbitrage model. We won't get rich from that, for heaven's sake. It's not about earning thousands of euros just with my electric car. But maybe I can finance – I don't know – 500 kilometres a month with it. Just as

an example. Depending on how large my battery is, how long do I even have my vehicle plugged into such a charging station. In other words, how long do I actually couple my vehicle with the energy system? All of that has an influence. But I think through such an arbitrage model – there's good money to be made there right now. And if you ask me: that won't decrease over the next seven, eight years, because it's not like

just because we're now integrating storage, the expansion of renewable energies stops. The expansion of renewables continues to progress anyway. Meaning, when it comes to storage integration, we still have a lot to catch up on. But while we catch up, the renewable energy sector continues to move upwards. That's why – this spread, as it's so nicely called, where I do my arbitrage, where I make money through arbitrage – that will easily continue

for the next six, seven, eight years. And BayWa was in the media a lot recently. Can you perhaps give some insight into where BayWa stands and what keeps you busy in the future, what you find exciting – kind of an outlook. We're coming into the home stretch, so to speak. Yes, we were certainly quite famous-infamous here and there in the press. What you might

I always have to differentiate a bit here: we operate within a very large corporation. So we have BayWa AG on the one hand, which was mainly in the spotlight in the press, and then we also have the sub-group BayWa r.e. AG – that is, Renewable Energies AG – where I belong, where the solar wholesale business is. For those who had read up on this a bit: the company engaged in all sorts of fields. Whether that was through BayWa AG in the agricultural sector – they globalized – or in BayWa r.e. AG in the renewable energy field: we simply tried to be involved in all areas of renewable energy. And in our conversation we've gone through many different fields. Whether that's the hardware, whether that's the energy sector components through marketing, project development, and small systems for private customers all the way up to very large systems. We wanted to be everywhere and simply be part of the enablers of the

energy transition. That's always been the case. And that was the reason I started at BayWa – because they were so broadly positioned. But if the market simply doesn't function the way a large corporation is initially set up for, then things can go wrong. Various factors: whether that came with allocation times in material floods, to whatever interest rate levels that suddenly went from very low to significantly higher, or whether, as I said, perhaps also that we took on too many fields, which had an impact – it led to us now streamlining again, focusing. Just as I think is also good for many companies – there's always the saying: a shoemaker should stick to his last – that you simply pull back a bit. Financing is in any case now secured through 2028. So all good. We were in, let me say, rough waters. That has since normalized quite well again. And now for us as a solar wholesaler it's simply a matter of continuing to stay on top of all current topics, just as we did during the, let me say, turbulent time, continuing to work with strong partners. Whether that's the equipment, so whether we include the hardware or whether we continue to look for network partners as well. We'll continue to do that with partners who

energy transition. That was always the case. And that was the reason why I started at BayWa – because they were so broadly positioned. But if the market simply doesn't work the way a large corporation is initially set up, then things can go wrong. Various factors: whether that went along with allocation times in material flooding, to whatever interest rate levels that suddenly went from very low to significantly higher, or whether, as I said, perhaps also taking on too many fields had an effect – it led to us now streamlining again, focusing. Just as I think is also good for many companies – there's always the saying: a shoemaker should stick to his last – that you simply pull back a bit. Financing is in any case now secured through 2028. So all good. We were in, let me say, rough waters. That has since normalized quite well again. And now for us as a solar wholesaler it's simply a matter of continuing to stay on top of all current topics, just as we did during the, let me say, turbulent time, continuing to work with strong partners. Whether that's the equipment, so whether we include the hardware or whether we continue to look for network partners as well. We'll continue to do that with partners who

are the right fit for us. So we're staying the course there. I think we're heading in the right direction again now, after things were a bit chaotic. And yes, I'm optimistic about it. For us at RiDERgy too, of course – we're staying true to our mission: we want to make charging infrastructure simpler and better. That's what we do, and we'll continue to do that.

are the right fit for us. So we're staying the course there. I think we're heading in the right direction again now, after things were a bit chaotic. And yes, I'm optimistic about it. For us at RiDERgy too, of course – we're staying true to our mission: we want to make charging infrastructure simpler and better. That's what we do, and we'll continue to do that.

then also be able to serve all these additional project sites, for example. That's unavoidable. And I think we'll face many new challenges in our energy transition because the higher we get in terms of fulfillment, the more delicate things become sometimes, things we haven't thought about yet, which might then become more acute. And our task or our intention is to always be there at the forefront, to always remain one of the market leaders, which we have been in recent years, and we want to continue to be that.

We have been in recent years, and we want to remain that way going forward. And yes, the last two years were a bit unpleasant, but as they always say: get up, dust off your knees, straighten your crown, and keep going. Yes, very nicely put. You also can't perfectly influence the timing of a market. That's sometimes not always the case. Do you have a final message for the listeners and also how

people can get in touch with you, if you'd like. Of course. LinkedIn, I think, is always a really, really good platform; I'm also findable on Xing. So just look for Yvonne Bogner. I'm always putting out active posts there too. People can definitely contact me that way. And we already mentioned it, which I almost want to use to wrap up: Hakuna Matata. And nothing ventured, nothing gained – no risk, no fun. It will

also continue to be the mottos for the next few years that I'll be moving forward with, because what was almost crazy over the last few decades will probably be just as crazy over the next few decades as well. Well, in that sense: Hakuna Matata. Thanks. Hakuna Matata. Thank you. That was Smart Charge by RiDERgy, the episode with Yvonne from Bivare. My three takeaways today: Simple instead of complex – tariffs and flexibility must work invisibly for users. Energy management software is not the same as monitoring – there's first transparency, then control, priorities, load management and peak-shaving

et cetera – further potentials that can then be tapped. Think storage correctly: qualified projects, emergency power concepts and involve marketing early. If these insights have helped you, subscribe to Smart Charge by RiDERgy, give us a 5-star rating, and share the episode with colleagues from fleet, energy and real estate.

Episode notes

In dieser Folge von Smart Charge sprechen wir mit Yvonne Bogner, Projekt- und Vertriebsleiterin bei BayWa r.e. Solar Energy Systems. Sie bringt fast 30 Jahre Erfahrung in Energie, Telekommunikation und erneuerbaren Technologien mit. Von den ersten Tagen der Energiemarktliberalisierung über die Gründung von Digital Energy Solutions bis hin zu ihrer heutigen Rolle gibt sie uns einen einzigartigen Blick auf die Transformation der Energiewelt. Wir beleuchten, wie sich Energie- und Telekommunikationsmärkte gegenseitig beeinflusst haben, welche Lehren aus der Tarifwelt des Mobilfunks für die Energiebranche wichtig sind und warum Einfachheit entscheidend für die Akzeptanz bei Endkunden bleibt. Yvonne schildert außerdem, wie Energiemanagementsysteme als Herzstück moderner Lösungen funktionieren, welche Rolle Speicher, Ladeinfrastruktur und Sektorenkopplung spielen und warum Standardisierung der Schlüssel für den Durchbruch beim bidirektionalen Laden ist. Kernpunkte - Von den Stadtwerken München bis zur BayWa r.e.: drei Jahrzehnte Transformation hautnah - Was die Energiebranche von der Telekommunikation lernen kann - Sektorenkopplung als Wegbereiter für eine flexible Energiewelt - Speicher, Energiemanagement und Vermarktung: die nächsten großen Hebel - Bidirektionales Laden, Community-Energie und regulatorische Hürden Am Ende bleibt deutlich: Die Energiewende erfordert Mut, Einfachheit und partnerschaftliches Handeln. Mit ihrem Motto „Hakuna Matata“ und „Wer nicht wagt, der nicht gewinnt“ zeigt Yvonne Bogner, wie eine pragmatische und optimistische Haltung die Branche voranbringen kann.